Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed synthesis method. We develop and experimentally validate a velocity model, and use it to guide co-optimization for operation scheduling, module placement, and droplet routing in the presence of IDT faults. We also present a fault-tolerant synthesis technique that allows us to automatically map biomolecular protocols to acoustofluidic biochips. In this paper, we present a hardware design that can efficiently activate/de-activated each IDT, and can fully automate an bioprotocol. A major challenge in operating this platform is the need for a control signal of frequency 24 MHz and voltage range ☑0/☒0 V to activate the IDT units in the biochip. To overcome the problem of cross-contamination due to fouling of the electrode surface in traditional DMBs, a contactless liquid-handling biochip technology, referred to as acoustofluidics, has recently been proposed. A digital microfluidic biochip (DMB) is an attractive platform for automating laboratory procedures in microbiology.
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